배출가스 저감장치(DPF, p-DPF)
자동차 배출가스 중 입자상물질(PM) 등을 촉매가 코팅된 필터로 여과한 후, 이를 산화(재생)시켜 이산화탄소(CO2)와 수증기(H2O)로 전환하여 오염물질을 제거하는 장치
- 자연재생방식 : 재생에 필요한 열 공급원으로 엔진 배기열을 이용하는 방식(고속주행차량에 적용)
- 복합재생방식 : 전기히터/보조연료 등을 사용하여 재생하는 방식(대부분 차량에 적용)
* 저감장치 부착 후 출력 및 연비가 5% 범위내에서 저하 될 수 있음
저공해엔진
경유 엔진 탈거 후 일부 부품의 교체 및 추가 장착을 통해 LPG 연료를 사용하는 엔진으로 개조
- 연료(LPG)의 특성 및 엔진제어장치(ECU) 등으로 오염물질 배출감소
※ 출력, 연비 및 배출가스 등이 LPG 제작차와 동일해짐
PM-NOx 동시 저감장치
배출가스 저감장치(DPF)에서 입자상물질(PM)을 저감시키고 선택적촉매환원장치(SCR)에서 배기가스에 요소수를 분사하여 질소산화물(NOx)을 저감
건설기계 엔진교체
Tier-1('04년) 이전의 배출가스 미규제 건설기계의 구형엔진을 Tier-3('09년) 이상의 신형엔진으로 교체하여 오염물질 저감과 연비향상 도모
구성항목
관리번호, 제목(한글), 저자명(한글), 발행일자, 전자원문, 초록(한글), 초록(영문)
관리번호, 제목(한글), 제목(영문), 저자명(한글), 저자명(영문), 주관연구기관(한글), 주관연구기관(영문), 발행일자, 총페이지수, 주관부처명, 과제시작일, 보고서번호, 과제종료일, 주제분류, 키워드(한글), 전자원문, 키워드(영문), 입수제어번호, 초록(한글), 초록(영문), 목차
꿀팁.zip/내 차 관리법
환경 오염의 주원인! 자동차 배기가스 줄이는 방법은?
2021. 11. 15. 17:51
길거리를 지나가다
보면 교통체증으로 인해 많은 차들이 멈춰있는 모습을 확인할 수 있는데요. 이 많은 차에서 배출되는 배기가스가 우리에게 매우 유해하다는 사실! 알고 계실 텐데요.
오늘은 자동차 배기가스를 줄이는 방법에 대해 알아보겠습니다!
01.
자동차 배기가스란?
자동차 배기가스란 내연 기관에서 불필요해져 외부로 버려지는 기체입니다. 자동차 내연기관의 밀폐된 실린더에 연료와 공기의 혼합기가 연소된 후 고온, 고압의 가스가 되어 팽창합니다. 이때, 가스를 외부로 배출하고, 다시 신선한 혼합기를 흡입하는 과정을 거치는데요. 이 과정에서 버려진 기체를 배기가스라고 합니다.
02.
자동차 배기가스의 종류
① 일산화탄소 (CO)
일산화탄소는 탄소와 산소로 인해 형성되는 불안정한 물질인데요. 이는 휘발유와 경유로 인해 연소 과정에 산소가 충분하지 않았을 때 생성됩니다. 또한, 일산화탄소는 혈액 중에 산소를 운반하는 헤모글로빈과 반응하여 인체에 중독 증상을 일으킬 수 있습니다. 두통, 현기증 구역질 외에도 협심증과 같은 심장질환을 유발할 수 있습니다.
② 탄화수소 (HC)
탄화수소는 블로바이가스 및 연료 탱크로부터 생긴 증발 가스의 주성분입니다. 이 가스는 대기 중에 산소 및 질소 화합물과 반응하면 자극이 강한 유해 물질로 변하는데요. 농도가 높으면 점막을
자극하고 조직을 파괴하는 물질입니다.
③ 질소산화물 (NOx)
질소산화물은 공기 중의 산소와 질소가 고온에서 반응하며 생성되는 물질인데요. 질소산화물은 산소결핍증과 중추신경 기능의 감퇴를 일으키며 광화학 스모그의 원인이 될 수 있습니다.
03. 자동차
배기가스 줄이는 방법
① 엔진 가동 상태에서 장시간 예열하는 행위를 지양해야 합니다.
② 불필요한 짐을 싣고 다닐 시 많은 매연이 배출되므로 주의해야 합니다.
③ 연료 낭비 방지를 위해 급하게 출발하거나 가속하는 행위를 삼가야 합니다.
④ 배출가스 정화 장치가 훼손될 수 있어, 연료 부족 상태에서 운전하는 행위를 자제해야 합니다.
⑤ 나라에서 친환경 연료를 사용하는 자동차를 개발해야 합니다.
⑥ 정부에서 연료조절장치 조작에 대한 정책적인
규제를 제정해야 합니다.
무엇보다 모두가 배기가스의 유해함을 인식하고 개선하려고 노력하는 것이 가장 중요하다는 사실!
잊지 마세요~
KR20000065272A - 가솔린 엔진의 질소산화물 저감 촉매 시스템 - Google Patents
가솔린 엔진의 질소산화물 저감 촉매 시스템
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Publication numberKR20000065272A
KR20000065272A KR1019990011378A KR19990011378A KR20000065272A KR 20000065272 A KR20000065272 A KR 20000065272A KR 1019990011378 A KR1019990011378 A KR 1019990011378A KR 19990011378 A KR19990011378 A KR 19990011378A KR 20000065272 A
KR20000065272 A KR 20000065272AAuthorityKRSouth KoreaPrior art keywordscatalystnitrogen oxidenoxcarrierenginePrior art date1999-04-01Application numberKR1019990011378AOther languages English (en) Other versions
KR100300179B1 (koInventor여권구Original Assignee정몽규현대자동차 주식회사Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal
analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)1999-04-01Filing date1999-04-01Publication date2000-11-06 1999-04-01 Application
filed by 정몽규, 현대자동차 주식회사 filed Critical 정몽규 1999-04-01 Priority to KR1019990011378A priority Critical
patent/KR100300179B1/ko 2000-11-06 Publication of KR20000065272A publication Critical patent/KR20000065272A/ko
2001-09-22 Application granted granted Critical 2001-09-22 Publication of KR100300179B1 publication Critical
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances
0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 229910002089 NOx Inorganic
materials 0.000 title abstract 5
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- 239000000969 carrier
Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052703
rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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[Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric oxide
Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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0.000 claims description 62
- 238000002347 injection Methods
0.000 claims description 7
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0.000 claims description 7
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0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials
0.000 claims description 5
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0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods
0.000 claims description 4
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0.000 claims description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound
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N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012050 conventional carrier Substances
0.000 claims description 3
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0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects
0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods
0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods
0.000 abstract 1
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- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class data:image/svg+xml;base64,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- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials
0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances
0.000 description 1
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O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
-
F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
-
F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using
absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
-
F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
-
F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious
components of exhaust
- F01N3/101—Three-way catalysts
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
-
F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes
F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/16—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
-
F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
-
F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion
of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
-
F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
-
F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
- F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
Abstract
본 발명은 배기가스 저감장치에 관한 것으로서, 특히 가솔린 희박연소(lean burn)엔진과 직접 분사엔진에 있어서, 촉매(NOx 흡장형 촉매)의 재생(regener ation)과 질산산화물(NOx) 제거를 효과적으로 할 수 있도록 전기 가열식 촉매(EHC, electrically heated catalyst) 및 클로스 커플드 촉매(CCC, close coupled catalyst) 등, 기존 담체를 비롯하여 얇은벽(thin wall)담체를 콤비네이션 시스템으로 구성하는
특징이 있는 것으로 촉매의 재생 또는 탈황(desulfurization)을 위하여 클로스 커플드 촉매의 최적화 또는 전기 가열식 촉매를 이용하여 효과적으로 질산산화물(NOx)을 저감하고 내구성을 향상시킬 수 있는 촉매 시스템을 제공하는 것이다.
Description
가솔린 엔진의 질소산화물 저감 촉매 시스템{catalyst system reducing NOx for gasoline GDI/lean burn engine}
본 발명은 가솔린직접분사 엔진과 희박연소 엔진의
배기가스 저감장치에 관한 것으로, 특히 본 발명은 인체에 해로운 배기가스중 질소산화물(NOx)을 저감하기 위하여 전기 가열식 촉매(electrically heated catalyst) 및 질소산화물 흡장형 촉매와 삼원촉매가 구비된 구조장치에 관한 것이다.
현재 그 수요가 빠르게 증가하고 있는 자동차의 배기가스에 의한 환경오염 문제가 날로 심각해지고 있다. 자동차 배기가스중의 주요 유해성분은 탄화수소, 일산화탄소, 질소산화물 등으로서, 이들의 대부분은 자동차에서 발생되고 있다. 특히, 디젤차에는 질소산화물(NOx)이 다량 발생되고 있으며, 최근에는 가스엔진, 린번(lean burn)가솔린 차가 등장하게 됨에 따라 발생되는 질소산화물의 저감은 더욱 어려워지는 추세에 있으므로 이에 대한 제거문제가 심각하게 대두되고 있다.
자동차 배기가스 중의 질소산화물을 줄이는 방법은 크게 연료개선, 엔진개량, 배기가스 처리로 대별된다. 이중 배기가스 처리 방법의 경우 촉매를
이용하는 것이 가장 효과적인데, 본 발명은 이에 관한 것이다.
현재, 자동차 배기가스를 정화하기 위하여 가솔린차에 장착되어 있는 촉매로서는 3원 촉매가 가장 대표적으로서, 허니컴(honeycomb)에 코팅되어 있는 γ-알루비나에 백금, 팔라듐, 로듐 등이 담지된 형태이다.
이러한 3원 촉매는 엔진의 공연비(공기/연료 비)가 14.7인 이상적인 상태에서는 유해 3원소 가스인 탄화수소, 일산화탄소, 질소산화물에 대해 높은 정화율을 나타내고 있다. 그러나 이러한 촉매는 공연비가 14.7이 넘는 영역, 즉 상대적으로 과잉공기를 사용하는 희박연소 영역에서는 질소산화물에 대한 정화능력이 상실되므로 사용될 수 없다는 문제점이 있다. 특히, 요즘에는 희박 연소 운전 영역이 확대되고 있으며, 1800cc이상의 큰 배기량을 갖는 희박연소 엔진이 등장함에 따라 질소산화물을 정화할 수 있는 촉매에 대한 필요성이 증대되고 있다.
도 1에 도시된 종래의 가솔린 직접 분사엔진
또는 린번엔진 차량에서 사용되는 질소산화물(NOx) 저감 촉매 시스템은 2가지로 대별할 수 있는 데 선택환형 촉매 시스템과 질소산화물 흡장형 촉매 시스템이다.
일반적으로, 대기오염의 발생원 중의 하나인 차량 배기가스가 사람들에게 두통, 현기증등의 건강장애를 일으키는 사회적인 문제로 대두되면서 이에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있는 것이 최근의 추세이다.
차량 배기가스를 정화시키는 방법에는 배기가스의 일부를 재연소시키는 방법, 촉매를 이용하여 반응시키는 방법 등 여러 가지 방법이 있으며, 차량의 배기계통에는 촉매를 통한 화학반응을 이용하여 배기가스의 산화 및 환원작용을 유도하는 방법이 주로 적용되고 있다.
자동차의 촉매 컨버터는 배기가스에 포함되어 있는 CO, HC, NOx등의 유해성분을 CO2, H2O, N2및 O2등의 무해성분을 정화시켜 주는 역할을 한다.
질소산화물(NOx)흡장형
촉매 시스템은 질소산화물(NOx)을 흡장하는 특징을 갖는 촉매를 사용하는 것으로 질소산화물과 더불어 황산화물을 쉽게 흡착시킴으로써 촉매활성이 황(S)에 의해 급격히 저감된다. 따라서 질소산화물 흡장형 촉매시스템에서 질소산화물의 재형성(regeneration)과 황(S)을 제거하기 위한 탈황(desulfation)조건을 엔진 매니지먼트 시스템(engine management system)에 적용해야 하는 문제점이 있다.
따라서, 본 발명은 상기한 종래의 차량에서 가진 질소산화물(NOx) 흡장형 촉매 구조장치에서 가지고 있는 문제점을 해결하기 위해 안출된 것으로서, 그 목적은 고성능 가솔린직접분사 엔진 및 희박연소 엔진의 배기가스 특히, 질소산화물(NOx)을 제거하기 위하여 자동차 배기가스 정화장치를 제공하는 데 있다.
도 1은
종래의 질소산화물(NOx) 저감 촉매 시스템의 구성도
도 2는 본 발명에 의한 질소산화물(NOx) 저감 촉매 시스템의 구성도
도 3은 본 발명의 제 1 실시예에 따른 질소산화물(NOx) 저감 촉매 시스템의 구성도
도 4는 본 발명의 제 2 실시예에 따른 질소산화물(NOx) 저감 촉매 시스템의 구성도
도 5는 본 발명의 전기 열촉매(electrical heated catalyst)의 블럭도
도 6은 본 발명의 전기 열촉매(electrical heated catalyst)의 제어 흐름도.
* 도면의 주요 부분에 대한 부호의 설명 *
1, 10, 10', 10" : 질소산화물 흡장형 촉매 2, 20, 20', 20" : 삼원촉매
30 : 전기 가열식 촉매 4, 40 : 엔진
50 : 전자 제어 장치 6, 60 : 서지탱크
70 : 온도센서
따라서, 본 발명은 가솔린 희박연소 엔진에 있어 자동차 엔진의 연소동작에 촉매의 탈황을 용이하게 하기 위한 전기 가열식 촉매 시스템과 질소산화물(NOx) 흡장형 촉매로 구성된 클로스 커플드 촉매(close coupled catalyst)로 기존 담체 또는 얇은벽(thin wall)담체를 이용한다. 언더플로우 촉매 시스템(underfloor catalystic converter system)은 기존 담체 또는 얇은벽(thin wall)담체를 이용한 로듐(Rh)을 포함한 귀금속이 하이 로딩(high loading)된 것으로, 일전기간후 자동적으로 전기 가열식 촉매가 작동 되도록 하는 단계로 구성된 것과, 전기 가열식 촉매가 없는 클로스 커플드 촉매구조에서는 일정시간후 농후한 공연비구간에서 가스온도가 650℃ 이상 상승되도록 급 공회전과 같은 조건을 형성시키는 것을 특징으로 하는
질소산화물(NOx) 감소 장치 및 방법을 제안한다.
이하, 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 구성을 첨부 도면에 의거하여 보다 상세히 설명하면 다음과 같다.
도 2는 본 발명에 의한 배기가스 정화장치를 도시한 것으로서, 공연비가 농후한 상태에서 배기가스온도를 상승시키기 위해 전자제어장치에서 소정의 기준치와 비교하여 작동하도록 한 전기 가열식 촉매는 운전중 일정시간마다 작동한다. 질소산화물 흡장형 촉매는 가존 담체 또는 얇은벽 담체로서 구성되어 있다. 언더플로우 촉매 시스템인 삼원 촉매는 얇은벽 담체를 이용한 로듐(Rh)을 포함한 귀금속이 하이 로딩되어 배기중에 포함되어 있는 일산화탄소(CO), 탄화수소(HC)를 공기와 함께 산화시켜 이산화탄소(CO2)와 물(H2O)로 만들며 질소산화물(NOx)은 환원시켜 질소(N2)와 산소(O2)로 만드는 반응을 유도하여 엔진실에서 배출되는 배기가스를 정화시켜
주는 역할을 하는 장치이다. 따라서, 본 발명의 질소산화물 감소방법에 의하면, 단계(S10)에서는 엔진의 공연비(공기/연료 비)가 농후한 상태인지와 배기가스 온도가 650℃이하인가를 판단하며, 단계(S20)에서는 공연비가 농후하고 배기가스 온도가 650℃ 이하조건에서 일정시간마다 전기 가열식 촉매가 작동되도록 하여 질소산화물(NOx)을 저감하게 된다.
도 3은 다른 실시예에 의한 배기정화 장치를 도시한 것으로서, 얇은벽 담체를 이용하여 전기 가열식 촉매를 사용하지 않는 시스템으로 클로스 커플드 촉매는 촉매를 2개 가지고 있어 볼륨비를 8:2 정도로 하는 제 1벽돌에 질소산화물(NOx)흡장형 촉매와 제 2벽돌(2nd brick)의 50%이상의 빠른 촉매 활성화(fast light-off)를 위해 Pt/Rh, Pd/Rh, Pt/Pd/Rh에서 Rh비율을 높게한 하이로딩된 삼원촉매이다. 그러므로, 질소산화물(NOx) 재형성과 탈황을 효율적으로 하기 위해서 이다.
언더플로우
촉매 시스템에는 기존 담체 또는 얇은벽 담체를 이용하여 Pt/Rh, Pd/Rh, Pt/Pd/Rh계를 하이로딩(high loading)시킨 삼원촉매를 사용하여 클로스 커플드 촉매에 가깝게 위치시킨 구조이다.
도 4는 다른 실시예에 의한 배기정화 장치를 도시한 것으로서, 기존 담체 또는 얇은벽 담체를 이용한 시스템으로 클로스 커플드 촉매는 촉매를 2개 가지고 있어 제 1벽돌과 제 2벽돌의 기존 담체 또는 얇은벽 담체를 이용한 질소산화물(NOx) 흡장형 촉매로 구성되어 재생을 위하여는 농후 상태에서 650℃이상의 온도가 요구되므로 일반 가솔린 직접 분사엔진 또는 린번엔진에서 이 온도조건을 만들어 주는 것이 상당히 어려우므로 배기가스 온도가 가장 높을 수 있는 클로스 커플드 촉매 위치에 질소산화물(NOx)흡장형 촉매를 구성한다. 자연스럼게 재생효과 또는 효율을 최대화 시키기 위해 2개의 벽돌으로 구성된다.
언더플로우 촉매 시스템은 기존 담체 또는 얇은벽 담체를 이용한
Rh가 포함된 Pt/Rh, Pd/Rh, Pt/Pd/Rh계 촉매로 하이로딩화하여 클로스 커플드 촉매에 가깝게 위치시킨다.
그러므로, 질소산화물 재형성과 탈황을 효율적으로 하기 위해서 이며 고도의 엔진 매니지먼트 시스템 개발이 필요없고, 질소산화물제거 효율을 극대화 한다.
이상에서와 같이 동작되는 본 발명은 기존의 전기 가열식 촉매를 포함하는 질소산화물을 흡장형 촉매 및 기존 담체 또는 얇은막 담체를 이용한 하이 로딩된 삼원 촉매로 구성된 것과, 전기 가열식 담체를 제외한 자연 탈황효과를 극대화한 촉매시스템으로서 질소산화물을 효과적으로 줄이는 잇점이 있다.
본 발명은 특정의 실시예와 관련하여 도시 및 설명하였지만, 첨부 특허청구범위에 의해 나타난 발명의 사상 및 영역으로부터 벗어나지 않는 한도 내에서 다양한 개조 및 변화가 가능하다는 것을 당업계에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자라면 누구나 쉽게
알 수 있을 것이다.
Claims (4)
가솔린 직접분사 또는 희박연소 엔진에 있어서, 자동차 엔진(40)에서 공연비가 농후한 상태에서 작동하도록 한 온도센서(70)가 구비된 전기 가열식 촉매(30)와 기존 담체 또는 얇은벽 담체를 이용한 질소산화물 흡장형 촉매(10)로 구성된 클로스 커플드 촉매와 기존 담체 또는 얇은벽 담체를 이용한 로듐(Rh)을 포함한 귀금속이 하이 로딩된 삼원촉매(20)로
언더플로우 촉매 시스템으로 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 질소산화물(NOx) 저감 촉매 장치.
가솔린 직접 분사 엔진에 있어서, 자동차 엔진(40)에서 제 1벽돌에 질소산화물 흡장형 촉매(10')와 제 2벽돌에 높은 Rh를 로딩한 기존 담체 또는 얇은벽 담체인 삼원촉매(20')를 이용한 클로스 커플드 촉매와 Pt/Rh, Pd/Rh, Pt/Pd/Rh계 하이로딩된 삼원촉매(20')를 사용한 언더플로우 촉매 시스템으로 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 질소산화물 저감 촉매 장치.
가솔린 직접 분사 엔진에 있어서, 자동차 엔진(40)에서 제 1벽돌, 제 2벽돌의 질소산화물 흡장형 촉매(10")인 클로스 커플드 촉매와 Pt/Rh, Pd/Rh, Pt/Pd/Rh계 하이로딩된
삼원촉매(20")를 사용한 언더플로우 촉매 시스템으로 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 질소산화물 저감 촉매 장치.
공연비가 농후한 상태에서 배기가스 온도가 650℃이하인가를 판단하는 단계(S10)와, 공연비가 농후하고 배기가스 온도가 650℃ 이하이면 전기 가열식 촉매가 작동되도록 하는 단계(S20)로 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 질소산화물(NOx) 저감방법.
KR1019990011378A 1999-04-01
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| 1999-04-01
| 가솔린 엔진의 질소산화물 저감 촉매 시스템
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Cited By (1)
* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third partyPublication numberPriority datePublication dateAssigneeTitle
| KR20220006963A (ko)
| 2020-07-09
| 2022-01-18
| 현대자동차주식회사
| Scr시스템의 ehc 제어시스템 및 방법
|
Family Cites Families (4)
* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third partyPublication numberPriority datePublication dateAssigneeTitle
| JPH05321650A (ja) *
| 1992-05-18
| 1993-12-07
| Mitsubishi Motors Corp
| エンジンの排気ガス浄化装置
|
| JPH07119448A (ja) *
| 1993-10-22
| 1995-05-09
| Nippondenso Co Ltd
| 排気浄化装置
|
| JPH08270439A (ja) *
| 1995-03-29
| 1996-10-15
| Mazda Motor Corp
| 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
|
| JP3834832B2 (ja) *
| 1995-03-30
| 2006-10-18
| マツダ株式会社
| 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
|
- 1999
- 1999-04-01 KR KR1019990011378A patent/KR100300179B1/ko
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Cited By (1)
* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication numberPriority datePublication dateAssigneeTitle
| KR20220006963A (ko)
| 2020-07-09
| 2022-01-18
| 현대자동차주식회사
| Scr시스템의 ehc 제어시스템 및 방법
|
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| 2001-09-22
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